The correct operation and maintenance of CNC equipment is one of the key factors for the correct use of CNC equipment.
Proper operation can prevent abnormal wear of the machine tool and avoid sudden failures.Doing routine maintenance can keep the equipment in good technical state,delay the deterioration process,and discover and eliminate hidden troubles in time to ensure safe operation.
First,the use environment of numerical control equipment To improve the service life of numerical control equipment,it is generally required to avoid direct sunlight and other heat radiation,and to avoid places that are too humid,excessive dust or corrosive gas.Precision CNC equipment should be kept away from equipment with large vibrations,such as punching machines and forging equipment.
Second,a good power supply guarantee In order to avoid the impact of large fluctuations in power supply(greater than±10%)and possible transient interference signals,CNC equipment is generally powered by dedicated lines(such as separate from the low-voltage distribution room for CNC machine tools)or additional Regulators,etc.,can reduce the impact of power quality and electrical interference.
Third,the development of effective operating procedures in the use and management of CNC machine tools,should develop a series of practical,effective operating procedures.For example,lubrication,maintenance,rational use and standardized handover system are the main contents of the use and management of numerical control equipment.Formulating and complying with operating procedures is one of the important measures to ensure the safe operation of CNC machine tools.Practice has proven that many faults can be reduced by adhering to operating procedures.
Fourth,the numerical control equipment is not suitable for long-term storage.After purchasing CNC machine tools,it should be fully utilized,especially in the first year of use,so that the vulnerable parts that are easy to fail are exposed as early as possible,and can be eliminated during the warranty period.During processing,the CNC machine tool spindle is turned on and off as much as possible to reduce wear on components such as clutches and gears.When there is no processing task,the CNC machine tool should be energized regularly.It is best to energize it once or twice a week,and each time it runs for about 1 hour,to reduce the humidity inside the machine by using the heat generated by the machine itself,so that the electronic components will not get wet.At the same time,it can also find out whether there is a battery low alarm in time to prevent the loss of system setting parameters.
V.Maintenance of CNC Machine Tools There are many types of CNC machine tools.All kinds of CNC machine tools have different characteristics due to their functions,structures and systems.The contents and rules of maintenance and maintenance also have their own characteristics.The specific regular and grading maintenance system should be formulated and established according to the type,model and actual use of the machine tool and with reference to the requirements of the machine tool manual.Here are some common,general-purpose routine maintenance points.
(1)Maintenance of the CNC system
1.Strictly abide by the operating procedures and routine maintenance system.The numerical control equipment operators must strictly abide by the operating procedures and routine maintenance systems.The quality of the operator's technical service quality is an important factor affecting the frequency of faults.When the machine tool fails,the operator should pay attention to retaining the site,and tell the maintenance personnel truthfully before and after the fault,in order to facilitate analysis and diagnosis of the cause of the fault,and eliminate it in time.
2,to prevent dust and dirt from entering the inside of the numerical control device.In the air of the machine shop,oil mist,dust and even metal powder are generally present.Once they fall on the circuit board or electronic device in the numerical control system,it is easy to cause insulation resistance between components.Drops and even damages components and boards.In order to make the CNC system overload and work for a long time in the summer,some users take the door of the CNC cabinet to dissipate heat.This is an extremely undesirable method,which will eventually lead to accelerated damage of the CNC system.And strong electric cabinet doors.
3,to prevent system overheating should check whether the various cooling fans on the CNC cabinet are working properly.Check the air duct filter for blockage every six months or quarterly.If the dust on the filter network accumulates too much and is not cleaned up in time,the temperature inside the CNC cabinet will be too high.
4.Regular maintenance of the input/output devices of the CNC system Most of the CNC machine tools produced before the 1980s are equipped with photoelectric tape readers.If the band is partially contaminated,it will cause errors in reading information.To this end,the optoelectronic reader must be maintained as required.
5.Regular inspection of DC motor brushes and replacement of excessive wear of DC motor brushes can affect the performance of the motor and even cause damage to the motor.For this purpose,the motor brushes should be regularly inspected and replaced.CNC lathes,CNC milling machines,machining centers,etc.,should be inspected once a year.
6.Regularly check and replace the battery for storage.Generally,the CMOSRAM storage device is provided with a rechargeable battery maintenance circuit in the numerical control system to ensure that the contents of the memory can be maintained during the period when the system is not powered.Under normal circumstances,even if it has not expired,it should be replaced once a year to ensure the normal operation of the system.The replacement of the battery should be carried out under the power supply state of the CNC system to prevent loss of information in the RAM during replacement.
7.Maintenance of the standby circuit board When the spare printed circuit board is not used for a long time,it should be installed in the numerical control system for a period of time to prevent damage.
(2)Maintenance of mechanical parts
1.Maintenance of the main drive chain Regularly adjust the tightness of the spindle drive belt to prevent the phenomenon of throwing due to belt slip;check the constant temperature fuel tank of the spindle lubrication,adjust the temperature range,replenish the oil in time,and clean the filter;After the clamping device is used for a long time,a gap will be generated,which will affect the clamping of the tool.It is necessary to adjust the displacement of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder in time.
2.Regular maintenance of the ball screw thread pair,adjust the axial clearance of the screw thread pair to ensure the reverse transmission accuracy and axial rigidity;regularly check whether the connection between the screw and the bed is loose;the screw guard has Damage should be replaced in time to prevent dust or chips from entering.
3,the maintenance of the tool magazine and the tool changer is strictly prohibited to load the overweight and long tool into the tool magazine to avoid the collision of the tool or the workpiece and the fixture when the robot changes the tool;often check whether the zero return position of the tool magazine is correct.Check whether the position of the machine tool spindle return point is in place and adjust it in time;when starting up,the tool magazine and the robot should be run empty to check whether the work of each part is normal,especially whether the stroke switch and solenoid valve can operate normally;check the tool Whether the locking on the robot is reliable or not,it should be handled in time.
(3)Maintenance of hydraulic and pneumatic systems Regularly clean or replace the filters or filter screens of various lubrication,hydraulic and pneumatic systems;periodically perform oil quality test on the hydraulic system,add and replace hydraulic oil;The water filter releases water.
(IV)Maintenance of machine tool accuracy Regularly check and correct machine tool level and mechanical precision.There are two types of mechanical accuracy correction methods:soft and hard.The soft method is mainly through system parameter compensation,such as screw backlash compensation,coordinate positioning accuracy fixed point compensation,machine tool reference point position correction,etc.;hard method is generally carried out during machine tool overhaul,such as rail scraping,ball rolling The screw nut pair is pre-tightened to adjust the backlash and the like.