In order to keep the various parts of the CNC machine tool in good condition,in addition to the failure to repair in time,it is very important to maintain regular maintenance.Adhere to regular inspections,regular maintenance,can eliminate many hidden dangers in the bud,prevent or reduce the occurrence of vicious accidents.The contents and requirements of the daily maintenance of different types of CNC machine tools are not exactly the same.For the specific CNC machine tools,there are clear regulations in the manual,but in general,the following aspects are mainly included.
(1)Keep the machine in a good lubrication state.Regularly inspect and clean the automatic lubrication system,add or replace grease and oil,so that the moving parts such as the lead screw and the guide rail always maintain a good lubrication state and reduce the mechanical wear speed.
(2)Regularly check the hydraulic and pneumatic systems.Regularly carry out oil quality inspection and replacement of hydraulic oil on the hydraulic system,and regularly clean or replace the filters or filters of various lubrication,hydraulic and pneumatic systems.Also pay attention to the water system to discharge water to the water separator in time.
(3)Regularly perform brush and commutator inspection,cleaning and replacement of DC motors.If the surface of the commutator is dirty,use white cloth and alcohol to clean it;if the surface is rough,use fine metallographic sandpaper to trim it;if the brush length is below 10mm,it should be replaced.
(4)Perform an overtravel limit test on each coordinate axis in due course.Especially for hardware limit switches,rust is easy to occur due to cutting fluid,etc.,and usually rely on software limit to protect,but the key moments such as rust can not cause protection,will cause collision,and even damage the ball screw,seriously affecting Its mechanical precision.During the test,just press a lower limit switch to see if there is an overtravel alarm,or check if the corresponding I/O interface input signal changes.
(5)Regularly check electrical components.Check that the contacts of the plugs,sockets,cables,and relays are in good contact,and check that the printed circuit boards are clean.Check the insulation resistance of the main power transformer and each motor should be 1MΩor more.Usually,the electrical cabinet door should be opened as little as possible to keep the electrical cabinet clean.It is not advisable to use the door opening heat dissipation method in summer.Regularly clean the cooling fans of electrical cabinets and related electrical appliances,and replace their air filters.In addition,when the light-receiving parts of the optical tape reader are too dirty,reading errors may occur and should be cleaned in time.If the printed circuit board is too dirty or damp,short circuit may occur.Therefore,if necessary,the printed circuit board and electrical components should be cleaned by vacuuming.
(6)Maintenance of CNC machine tools when not in use for a long time.CNC machine tools should not be sealed for long-term use.After purchasing CNC machine tools,they should be fully utilized to maximize the utilization rate of machine tools,especially in the first year of use,and should be fully used to expose the vulnerable parts that are prone to failure as early as possible.The potential hazard of the fault can be eliminated as much as possible during the warranty period.With the help of CNC machine tools,this is not the protection of the equipment.On the contrary,it will accelerate the deterioration or damage of the electronic components due to damp and other reasons.For example,when the CNC machine tool is not used for a long time,it should be energized regularly,and the machine function test program should be fully operated.It is required to be commissioned once every 1-3 weeks,especially in the rainy season with high ambient humidity.The number of energization should be increased,and each time the air runs for about 1 hour,the internal humidity of the machine itself can be used to reduce the humidity inside the machine,so that the electronic components Do not get wet.At the same time,it can also detect the occurrence of battery alarms in time to prevent system software and parameter loss.
(7)Replace the memory battery regularly.Generally,a CMOS RAM memory device is provided with a rechargeable battery maintenance circuit in the numerical control system to ensure that the contents of the memory can be maintained while the system is not powered.Under normal circumstances,even if the battery has not failed,it should be replaced once a year to ensure that the system works properly.The replacement of the battery should be performed while the CNC unit is powered on to prevent loss of information in the RAM during replacement.
(8)Maintenance of the alternate printed circuit board.Printed circuit boards are not prone to failure for a long time.Therefore,the spare printed circuit board that has been purchased should be periodically installed on the CNC device for a period of time to prevent damage.
(9)Frequently monitor the grid voltage for the CNC unit.The CNC device usually allows the grid voltage to fluctuate within the range of 85%to 110%of the rated value.If it exceeds this range,the system will not work properly,and even the electronic components in the CNC system may be damaged.For this reason,it is necessary to constantly monitor the grid voltage for the CNC device.
(10)Regularly check and correct the machine level and mechanical accuracy.There are two kinds of mechanical precision correction methods.The soft method is mainly through system parameter compensation,such as screw backlash compensation,fixed positioning compensation of each coordinate positioning,machine tool reference point position correction,etc.When the machine tool is overhauled,such as the rail trimming,the ball screw nut pre-tightening to adjust the backlash.